News broadcasting is the broadcasting of various news events and other information via television, radio or internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. It may also include additional material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, commentary and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience.

Television news

Television news refers to disseminating current events via the medium of television. A "news bulletin" or a "newscast" are television programs lasting from seconds to hours that provide updates on world, national, regional or local news events. Television news is very image-based, showing video of many of the events that are reported. Television channels may provide news bulletins as part of a regularly scheduled news program. Less often, television shows may be interrupted or replaced by breaking news ("news flashes") to provide news updates on current events of great importance or sudden events of great importance.

Radio news

Radio news is the same as television news but is transmitted through the medium of the radio. It is more based on the audio aspect rather than the visual aspect. Sound bites are captured through various reporters and played back through the radio. News updates occur more often on the radio than on the television - usually about once or twice an hour.

Structure, content and style

Television

Newscasts, also known as bulletins or news programs, will differ in content, tone and presentation style depending on the format of the channel on which they appear, and their timeslot. In most parts of the world, national television networks will have network bulletins featuring national and international news. The top rating shows will often be in the evening at 'prime time', but there are also often breakfast time newscasts of two to three hours in length. Rolling news channels broadcast news 24 hours a day. Many video and audio news reports presented on the Internet are updated 24 hours a day. Local news may be presented by stand-alone local TV stations, local stations affiliated to national networks or by local studios which 'opt-out' of national network programming at specified points. Different news programming may be aimed at different audiences, depending on age, socio-economic group or those from particular sections of society. 'Magazine-style' television shows may mix news coverage with topical lifestyle issues, debates or entertainment content.

Newscasts consist of several a reporter being interviewed by an anchor, known as a 'two-way', or by a guest involved in or offering analysis on the story being interviewed by a reporter or anchor. There may also be breaking news stories which will present live rolling coverage.

Packages will usually be filmed at a relevant location and edited in an editing suite in a newsroom or a remote contribution edit suite in a location some distance from the newsroom. They may also be edited in mobile editing trucks, or satellite trucks, and transmitted back to the newsroom. Live coverage will be broadcast from a relevant location and sent back to the newsroom via fixed cable links, microwave radio, production truck, satellite truck or via online streaming. Roles associated with television news include a technical director, floor director audio technician and a television crew of operators running character graphics (CG), teleprompters and professional video cameras. Most news shows are broadcast live.

Radio

Radio station newscasts can range from as little as a minute to as much as the station's entire schedule, such as the case of all-news radio, or talk radio. Stations dedicated to news or talk will often feature newscasts, or bulletins, usually at the top of the hour, usually between 3 and 8 minutes in length. They can be a mix of local, national and international news, as well as sport, entertainment, weather and traffic, or they may be incorporated into separate bulletins. There may also be shorter bulletins at the bottom of the hour, or three at fifteen minute intervals, or two at twenty minute intervals. All-news radio stations exist in some countries, primarily located in major metropolitan areas such as New York City, Toronto and Chicago, which often broadcast local, national and international news and feature stories on a set time schedule.

News broadcasting by country

United States

Broadcast television

Local newscasts

Local TV stations in the United States normally broadcast local news 3-4 times a day: 4:30, 5 and 6 a.m. in the morning; noon; 5 and 6 p.m. in the early evening; and 10 or 11 p.m. at night. Some stations carry morning newscasts at 4, 4:30, 7, 8 or 9 a.m., midday newscasts at 11 or 11:30 a.m., late afternoon newscasts at 4 or 4:30 p.m., or early evening newscasts at 5:30 or 6:30 p.m. Many Fox affiliates, affiliates of minor networks (such as The CW and MyNetworkTV) and independent stations air newscasts in the final hour of primetime (i.e., 10 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones or 9 p.m. in the Mountain and Central time zones in the U.S.). Stations that produce local newscasts typically produce as little as one to as much as ten hours of local news on weekdays and as little as one hour on weekends; news programming on weekends are typically limited to morning and evening newscasts as the variable scheduling of network sports programming usually prevents most stations from carrying midday newscasts (however a few stations located in the Eastern and Pacific time zones do produce weekend midday newscasts).

Since the early 1990s, independent stations and stations affiliated with a non-Big Three network have entered into "news share agreements", in which news production is outsourced to a major network station (usually an affiliate of ABC, NBC or CBS), often to avoid shouldering the cost of starting a news department from scratch. These commonly involve Fox, CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates (and previously affiliated of the now-defunct predecessors of the latter two networks, The WB and UPN) and in some cases, independent stations; however such agreements exist in certain markets between two co-owned/co-managed Big Three affiliates. News share agreements are most common with stations co-owned with a larger network affiliate or whose operations are jointly managed through a shared service or local marketing agreement. In cases where a station with an existing news department enters into a news share agreement, it will result either the two departments merging or the outright conversion of newscast production from in-house to outsourced production. Minor network affiliates involved in news share agreements will often carry far fewer hours of local newscasts than would be conceivable with an in-house news department to avoid competition with the outsourcing partner's own newscasts, as a result, minor network affiliates involved in these NSAs often will carry a morning newscast from 7-9 a.m. (in competition with the national network newscasts instead of airing competing with the Big Three affiliates' newscasts) and/or a primetime newscast at 10 p.m. ET/PT or 9 p.m. CT/MT, with no midday, late afternoon or early evening newscasts.

Unlike international broadcast stations which tend to brand under uniform news titles based solely on network affiliation, U.S. television stations tend to use varying umbrella titles for their newscasts; some title their newscasts utilizing the station's on-air branding (such as combining the network affiliation and channel number with the word "News"), others use franchised brand names (like ''Eyewitness News'', ''Action News'' and ''NewsChannel'') for their news programming. Conversely, the naming conventions for a station's newscast are sometimes used as a universal on-air branding for the station itself, and may be used for general promotional purposes, even used in promoting syndicated and network programming. Many stations title their newscasts with catchy names like ''Daybreak'', ''Good Morning (insert city or region here)'', ''First at Four'', ''Live at Five'', ''Eleven @ 11:00'' or ''Nightcast''. These names are intended to set one station apart from the rest, especially for viewers who are chosen for audience measurement surveys. If the respondent was unable to provide a channel number or call letters, the newscast title is often enough for the appropriate station to receive Nielsen ratings credit.

Network news programming

The Big Three broadcast television networks produce morning and evening national newscasts (''America This Morning'', ''Good Morning America'' and ''ABC World News'' are broadcast by ABC, CBS broadcasts the ''CBS Morning News'', ''CBS This Morning'' and the ''CBS Evening News'', and NBC produces ''Early Today'', ''Today'' and ''NBC Nightly News'') as well as weekly newsmagazine series (NBC's ''Dateline'', ABC's ''20/20'' and ''CBS News Sunday Morning'', ''48 Hours'' and ''60 Minutes'' on CBS). Network morning newscasts usually air at 7 a.m. (English-language network morning shows are tape delayed for each time zone, while the Spanish-language morning shows are aired live in all time zones); network evening newscasts usually are broadcast live at 6:30 p.m. on the East coast and broadcast live in both the Eastern and Central time zones, with a secondary live broadcast at 6:30 p.m. Pacific time. ''Today'' was the first morning news program to be broadcast on American television and in the world, when it debuted on January 14, 1952; the earliest national evening news program was ''The Walter Compton News'', a short-lived 15-minute newscast that aired on the DuMont Television Network from 1947 to 1948.

All four major English networks and the two largest Spanish networks also carry political talk programs on Sunday mornings (NBC's ''Meet the Press'', ABC's ''This Week'', CBS' ''Face the Nation'', Fox's sole news program ''Fox News Sunday'', Univision's ''Al Punto'' and Telemundo's ''Enfoque''); of these programs, ''Meet the Press'' holds the distinction of being the longest-running American television program as it has aired since November 6, 1947. CBS and ABC are currently the only networks that produce overnight news programs on weeknights in the form of ''Up to the Minute'' and ''World News Now'', respectively; NBC previously produced overnight newscasts at different times, both of which have since been cancelled: ''NBC News Overnight'' from 1982 to 1983, and ''NBC Nightside'' from 1992 to 1999 (NBC currently does not offer a late night newscast, although the network currently airs the fourth hour of ''Today'', and sister network CNBC's ''Mad Money'' on weeknights).

Spanish-language news programs are provided by Univision (which produces early and late evening editions of its flagship evening news program ''Noticiero Univision'' seven nights a week, along with weekday afternoon newsmagazine ''Primer Impacto'' and weekday morning program ''Despierta America'') and Telemundo (whose flagship evening newscast is ''Noticiero Telemundo'', which unlike Univision and their English-language competitors' national evening news programs airs on weeknights only, along with weekday morning program ''¡Levántate!'' and weekday afternoon newsmagazine ''Al Rojo Vivo''). Fox, The CW and MyNetworkTV do not produce national morning and evening news programs (although Fox made a brief attempt at a morning program in the late 1990s with ''Fox After Breakfast'', and many CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates as well as independent stations air the syndicated news program ''The Daily Buzz'').

Cable television

24-hour news channels are devoted to current events 24-hours per day. They are often referred to as ''cable news'' channels. The originator of this format from which the name derives is CNN (as well as CNN International, CNN en Español and CNN-IBN), which originally stood for Cable News Network in reference to the then-new phenomenon of cable television. As satellite and other forms have evolved, the term ''cable news'' has become something of an anachronism but is still in common use; many other television channels have since been established, such as BBC World News, BBC News, Sky News, Al Jazeera, ABC News 24, France 24, STAR News, Fox News Channel, MSNBC, Press TV, Russia Today, teleSUR and ABC News Now. Some news channels specialize even further, such as ESPNews (sports from ESPN); The Weather Channel (weather); CNBC, Bloomberg Television and Fox Business Network (financial).

Conversely, several cable news channels exist that carry news information specifically geared toward a particular metropolitan area, state or region such as NY1 in New York City, Ohio News Network (which is based in Columbus, Ohio, but is carried throughout the state of Ohio), Bay News 9 in Tampa, Florida and NewsChannel 8 in Washington, D.C. These channels are usually owned by a local cable operator and are distributed solely through cable television and IPTV system operators. Some broadcast television stations also operate cable channels (some of which are repeated through digital multicasting) that air the station's local newscasts in the form of live simulcasts from the television station, with rebroadcasts of the newscasts airing in the time period between live broadcasts.

A term which has entered common parlance to differentiate cable news from traditional news broadcasts is network news, in reference to the traditional television networks on which such broadcasts air. A classic example is the cable news channel MSNBC, which overlaps with (and, in the case of breaking world-changing events, pre-empts) its network counterpart NBC News. Most U.S. cable news networks do not air news programming 24 hours a day, often filling late afternoon, primetime and late night hours with news-based talk programs, documentaries and other specialty programming.

Radio

More often, AM stations will air a 6½ minute newscast on the top of the hour, which can be either a local report, a national report from a radio network such as CBS Radio, CNN Radio, Fox News Radio or ABC Radio, or a mix of both local and national content, including weather and traffic reports. Some stations also air a two minute report at the bottom of the hour.

FM stations, unless they feature a talk radio format, usually only air minute-long news capsules featuring a quick review of events and an abbreviated weather forecast, and usually only in drive time periods or in critical emergencies, since FM stations usually focus more on playing music. Traffic reports also air on FM stations, depending on the market.

Canada

Terrestrial television

Unlike in United States, most Canadian television stations have license requirements to offer locally-produced newscasts in some form. Educational television station are exempt from these requirements; multicultural television stations are also not required to carry news programming, however some stations licensed as a multicultural station do produce local newscasts in varied languages (such as the Omni Television station group). Canadian television stations normally broadcast newscast between two and four times a day: usually at noon; 5, 5:30 and 6 p.m. in the evening, and 11 p.m. at night (there are some variations to this: stations affiliated with CTV usually air their late evening newscasts at 11:30 p.m., due to the scheduling of the network's national evening news program ''CTV National News'' at 11 p.m. in all time zones, while most CBC Television-owned stations carry a 10-minute newscast at 10:55 p.m., following ''The National''). Some stations carry morning newscasts (usually starting at 5:30 or 6 a.m., and ending at 9 a.m.). Unlike in the United States, a primetime newscast in the 10:00 p.m. timeslot is uncommon (Global owned-and-operated station CKND-DT in Winnipeg, Manitoba is currently the only television station in the country carrying a primetime newscast); conversely, pre-5 a.m. local newscasts are also uncommon in Canada, Hamilton, Ontario independent station CHCH-DT, whose weekdaily programming consists largely of local news, is currently the only station in the country that starts its weekday morning newscasts before 5:30 a.m. (the station's morning news block begins at 4 a.m. on weekdays).

Like with U.S. television, many stations use varied titles for their newscasts; this is particularly true with owned-and-operated stations of Global and Citytv (Global's stations use titles based on daypart such as ''News Hour'' for the noon and early evening newscasts and ''News Final'' for 11 p.m. newscasts, while all six Citytv-owned broadcast stations produce morning news/talk programs under the umbrella title ''Breakfast Television'' and its flagship station CITY-DT/Toronto's evening newscasts are titled ''CityNews''). Overall umbrella titles for news programming use the titling schemes "''(Network or system name) News''" for network-owned stations or "''(Callsign) News''" for affiliates not directly owned by a network or television system.

CBC Television, Global and CTV each produce national evening newscasts (''The National'', ''Global National'' and ''CTV National News'', respectively), which unlike the American network newscasts do not air against one another as they are scheduled in non-competitive time slots; while ''Global National'' airs at the same early evening time slot as the American evening network newscasts, ''The National'''s 10 p.m. ET slot competes against primetime entertainment programming on the private broadcast networks, while ''CTV National News'' airs against locally-produced 11 p.m. newscasts on other stations. ''The National'', which has aired on CBC Television since 1954, is the longest-running national network newscast in Canada. All three networks also produce weekly newsmagazines ''The Fifth Estate'' (aired since 1975), ''16:9'' (aired since 2008) and ''W5'' (aired since 1966 and currently the longest-running network newsmagazine in Canada).

CTV's ''Canada AM'', which has aired since 1975, is the sole national morning news program on broadcast television in Canada, although it has since been relegated to semi-national status as most CTV owned-and-operated stations west of the Ontario-Manitoba border dropped the program during the Summer and Fall of 2011 in favor of locally-produced morning newscasts. The Sunday morning talk show format is relatively uncommon on Canadian television, the closest program baring similarities to the format was CTV's news and interview series ''Question Period'', this changed when Global debuted the political affairs show ''The West Block'' in November 2011.

Cable television

Canada is host to several 24-hour cable news channels, consisting of domestically-operated, U.S.-based cable channels and news channels operated outside of North America. Domestic national news channels include CTV News Channel and Sun News Network, which offer general news programming, Business News Network, which carries business news and The Weather Network, which offers national and local forecasts. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation operates two national news networks, English-language CBC News Network and French-language RDI. Other Canadian specialty news channels broadcasting in French include general news networks Argent and Le Canal Nouvelles, and MétéoMédia, a French-language sister to The Weather Network.

The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission authorizes some cable channels from foreign countries to be carried on cable and satellite operators provided that they are linked to a Canadian network. Amongst news channels, all four major U.S. cable news networks: CNN, HLN, MSNBC and Fox News Channel are available on most providers, along with channels from outside North America such as Al Jazeera English from Qatar, BBC World News from the United Kingdom, Deutsche Welle from Germany and RT from Russia.

Regionally-based news channels are fairly uncommon in Canada in comparison to the United States, with only two 24-hour regional news channels currently in existence, which are based in the province of Ontario, CityNews Channel and CP24, which center on the Toronto area (terrestrial independent station CHCH-DT/Hamilton serves as a ''de facto'' regional news channel for the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario; since August 2009, the station airs rolling local news block on weekday mornings and afternoons (currently airing from 4 a.m.-5 p.m.), along with nightly hour-long newscasts at 6 and 11 p.m.; the remainder of the schedule consists of syndicated programming, movies, imported American network television series and infomercials).

See also

List of news channels

Television news music package

List of news presenters

United States cable news

United States television news

References

External links

Collection of news livestreams

Category:Broadcast journalism Category:Television terminology

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Name	John Boehner
Order	61st
Office	Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
President	Barack Obama
Term start	January 5, 2011
Predecessor	Nancy Pelosi
Office2	House Minority Leader
Deputy2	Roy Blunt (2007–2009)Eric Cantor (2009–2011)
Term start2	January 3, 2007
Term end2	January 3, 2011
Predecessor2	Nancy Pelosi
Successor2	Nancy Pelosi
Office3	House Majority Leader
Deputy3	Roy Blunt
Term start3	February 2, 2006
Term end3	January 3, 2007
Predecessor3	Roy Blunt (Acting)
Successor3	Steny Hoyer
Office4	Chairman of the House Committee on Education and Workforce
Term start4	January 3, 2001
Term end4	January 3, 2006
Predecessor4	William Goodling
Successor4	Howard McKeon
Office5	Chairman of the House Republican Conference
Term start5	January 3, 1995
Term end5	January 3, 1999
Preceded5	Dick Armey
Succeeded5	J.C. Watts
State6	Ohio
District6	8th
Term start6	January 3, 1991
Predecessor6	Buz Lukens
State house7	Ohio
State7	Ohio
District7	57th
Term start7	January 3, 1985
Term end7	December 31, 1990
Predecessor7	Bill Donham
Successor7	Scott Nein
Birth name	John Andrew Boehner
Birth date	November 17, 1949
Birth place
Party	Republican Party
Spouse	Deborah Gunlack (1973–present)
Children	Lindsay BoehnerTricia Boehner
Residence	West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio
Alma mater	Xavier University
Profession	Business consultant
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature	John Boehner Signature.svg
Website	Speaker of the House Friends of John Boehner Fighting for Freedom. Making a Difference. John Boehner - 8th District of Ohio
Branch	United States Navy
Serviceyears	1968 (8 weeks) }}

John Andrew Boehner ( ; born , 1949) is the 61st and current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party, he is the U.S. Representative from , serving since 1991. The district includes several rural and suburban areas near Cincinnati and Dayton, and a small portion of Dayton itself.

Boehner previously served as the House Minority Leader from 2007 until 2011, and House Majority Leader from 2006 until 2007. As Speaker of the House, Boehner is second in line to the presidency of the United States following the Vice President in accordance with the Presidential Succession Act.

Early life, education and career

Boehner was born in Reading, Ohio, the son of Mary Anne (née Hall) and Earl Henry Boehner, the second of twelve children. His father was of German descent and his mother had German and Irish ancestry. He grew up in modest circumstances, having shared one bathroom with his eleven siblings in a two-bedroom house in Cincinnati. His parents slept on a pull-out couch. He started working at his family's bar at age 8, a business founded by their grandfather Andy Boehner in 1938. He has lived in Southwest Ohio his entire life. All but two of his siblings still live within a few miles of each other; two are unemployed and most of the others have blue-collar jobs.

Boehner attended Cincinnati's Moeller High School and was a linebacker on the school's football team, where he was coached by future Notre Dame coach Gerry Faust. Graduating from Moeller in 1968, when U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War was at its peak, Boehner enlisted in the United States Navy but was honorably discharged after eight weeks because of a bad back. He earned his B.A. in business administration from Xavier University in 1977, becoming the first person in his family to attend college, taking seven years as he held several jobs to pay for his education.

Shortly after his graduation in 1977, Boehner accepted a position with Nucite Sales, a small sales business in the packaging and plastics industry. He was steadily promoted and eventually became president of the firm, resigning in 1990 when he was elected to Congress.

Early political career

From 1982 to 1984, Boehner served on the board of trustees of Union Township, Butler County, Ohio. He then served as an Ohio state representative from 1985 to 1990.

U.S. House of Representatives

In 1990, Boehner ran against incumbent congressman Buz Lukens, who was under fire for having a sexual relationship with a minor. He trounced Lukens in the primary, taking 49 percent of the vote. This was tantamount to election in the heavily Republican 8th District. He has been reelected 10 times with no substantial opposition, and even ran unopposed in 1994.

Gang of Seven

During his freshman year, Boehner and fellow members of the Gang of Seven took on the House establishment, Republicans and Democrats alike, and successfully closed the House Bank (House banking scandal), uncovered "dine-and-dash" practices at the House Restaurant, and exposed drug sales and illegal cash-for-stamps deals at the House Post Office.

''Contract with America''

Boehner, along with Newt Gingrich and several other Republican lawmakers, was one of the engineers of the ''Contract with America'' in 1994 that helped catapult Republicans into the majority in Congress for the first time in four decades.

Legislative accomplishments

From 1995 to 1999, Boehner served as House Republican Conference Chairman which is the party caucus for Republicans in the United States House of Representatives. In this post, he was the fourth-ranking House Republican, behind Gingrich, Majority Leader Dick Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay. There he championed the Freedom to Farm Act that, among other provisions, revises and simplifies direct payment programs for crops and eliminates milk price supports through direct government purchases.

Following the election of President George W. Bush, Boehner was elected as chairman of the House Education and the Workforce Committee from 2001 until 2006. There he authored several reforms including the Pension Protection Act and a successful school choice voucher program for low-income children in Washington, DC. He was also a major force in the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, saying it was his “proudest achievement” in two decades of public service.

Leadership challenge

In the summer of 1997 several House Republicans, who saw Speaker Newt Gingrich's public image as a liability, attempted to replace him as Speaker. The attempted "coup" began July 9 with a meeting between Republican conference chairman Boehner and Republican leadership chairman Bill Paxon of New York. According to their plan, House Majority Leader Dick Armey, House Majority Whip Tom DeLay, Boehner and Paxon were to present Gingrich with an ultimatum: resign, or be voted out. However, Armey balked at the proposal to make Paxon the new Speaker, and told his chief of staff to warn Gingrich about the coup.

On July 11, Gingrich met with senior Republican leadership to assess the situation. He explained that under no circumstance would he step down. If he was voted out, there would be a new election for Speaker, which would allow for the possibility that Democrats—along with dissenting Republicans—would vote in Dick Gephardt as Speaker. On July 16, Paxon offered to resign his post, feeling that he had not handled the situation correctly. Paxon was the only unelected member of the leadership group, having been appointed to his position by Gingrich.

Congressional leadership

In 1998, Boehner was ousted as the chairman of the House Republican Conference, after his party lost five congressional seats.

In an upset, Boehner was elected by his colleagues to serve as House Majority Leader on February 2, 2006. The election followed Tom DeLay's resignation from the post after being indicted on criminal charges.

Boehner campaigned as a reform candidate who wanted to reform the so-called "earmark" process and rein in government spending. He defeated Majority Whip Roy Blunt of Missouri and Representative John Shadegg of Arizona, even though he was considered an underdog candidate to Blunt. In the second round of voting by the House Republican Conference, Boehner defeated Blunt with 122 to 109 votes. Blunt kept his previous position as Majority Whip, the No. 3 leadership position in the House. (There was some confusion on the first ballot for Majority Leader as the first count showed one more vote cast than Republicans present, due to a misunderstanding as to whether the rules allowed Resident Commissioner Luis Fortuño of Puerto Rico to vote or not).

After the Republicans lost control of the House in the 2006 elections, the House Republican Conference chose Boehner as Minority Leader. While as Majority Leader he was second-in-command behind Speaker Dennis Hastert, as Minority Leader he was the leader of the House Republicans. As such, he was the Republican nominee for Speaker in 2006 and 2008, losing both times to Pelosi. While the Speaker is nominally elected by the full House, in practice he or she is almost always chosen by the majority party.

According to the 2008 Congress.org Power Ranking, Boehner was the 6th most powerful congressman (preceded by Speaker Pelosi, Majority Leader Hoyer, Ways and Means Committee Chairman Sander M. Levin, Dean of the House John Dingell, and Appropriations Committee Chairman Dave Obey, all Democrats) and the most powerful Republican. As Minority Leader, Boehner served as an ''ex officio'' member of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.

Speaker of the House

On November 17, 2010, Boehner was unanimously chosen by the House Republicans as their nominee for Speaker, all but assuring his formal election to the post when the new Congress convened with a Republican majority in January 2011. He is the first Speaker from Ohio since fellow Republicans Nicholas Longworth (1925 to 1931) and J. Warren Keifer (1881 to 1883). He is also the first Speaker who has served both as majority and minority floor leader for his party since Texas Democrat Sam Rayburn.

As Speaker, Boehner is still the leader of the House Republicans. However, by tradition, he normally does not take part in debate (though he has the right to do so) and almost never votes from the floor. He is also not a member of any House committees.

Controversies

Connections to lobbyists

In June 1995, Boehner distributed campaign contributions from tobacco industry lobbyists on the House floor as House members were weighing how to vote on tobacco subsidies. In a 1996 documentary by PBS called ''The People and the Power Game'', Boehner said "They asked me to give out a half dozen checks quickly before we got to the end of the month and I complied. And I did it on the House floor, which I regret. I should not have done. It's not a violation of the House rules, but it's a practice that‘s gone on here for a long time that we're trying to stop and I know I'll never do it again." Boehner eventually led the effort to change House rules and prohibit campaign contributions from being distributed on the House floor.

A September 2010 ''New York Times'' story said Boehner was "Tightly Bound to Lobbyists" and "He maintains especially tight ties with a circle of lobbyists and former aides representing some of the nation’s biggest businesses, including Goldman Sachs, Google, Citigroup, R.J. Reynolds, MillerCoors and UPS.".

Smithsonian

In November 2010, Boehner, along with Minority Whip Eric Cantor, called for the cancellation of an exhibit in the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery after he learned that it featured a video by David Wojnarowicz, ''A Fire in My Belly'', that contained an image of a crucifix with ants crawling on it. Boehner spokesman Kevin Smith said, "Smithsonian officials should either acknowledge the mistake and correct it, or be prepared to face tough scrutiny beginning in January when the new majority in the House moves [in]."

Political positions

A profile in the ''Pittsburgh Tribune-Review'' said, "On both sides of the aisle, Boehner earns praise for candor and an ability to listen." ''The Plain Dealer'' says Boehner "has perfected the art of disagreeing without being disagreeable."

Boehner has been classified as a "hard-core conservative" by OnTheIssues. Although Boehner does have a conservative voting record, when he was running for House leadership, religious conservatives in the GOP expressed that they were not satisfied with his positions. According to the ''Washington Post'': "From illegal immigration to sanctions on China to an overhaul of the pension system, Boehner, as chairman of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, took ardently pro-business positions that were contrary to those of many in his party. Religious conservatives — examining his voting record — see him as a policymaker driven by small-government economic concerns, not theirs."

Boehner has received a "0" rating from the Human Rights Campaign in the last three congressional sessions, voting against the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, the Early Treatment for HIV Act, the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, and the Hate Crimes Prevention Act. Boehner voted for a Federal Marriage Amendment. In a letter to the Rights Campaign, Boehner stated, "I oppose any legislation that would provide special rights for homosexuals... Please be assured that I will continue to work to protect the idea of the traditional family as one of the fundamental tenets of western civilization."

On May 25, 2006, Boehner issued a statement defending his agenda and attacking his "Democrat friends" such as Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi. Boehner said regarding national security that voters "have a choice between a Republican Party that understands the stakes and is dedicated to victory, and a Democrat Party with a non-existent national security policy that sheepishly dismisses the challenges of a post-9/11 world and is all too willing to concede defeat on the battlefield in Iraq."

Boehner is a signer of Americans for Tax Reform’s Taxpayer Protection Pledge.

Military spending

Boehner has called on the President to justify spending for military operations against terrorists.

Financial crisis

On September 18, 2008, Congressman Boehner attended a closed meeting with congressional leaders, then-Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, and was urged to craft legislation to help financially troubled banks. That same day (trade effective the next day), Congressman Boehner cashed out of an equity mutual fund.

On October 3, 2008 Boehner voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), believing that the enumerated powers grant Congress the authority to "purchase assets and equity from financial institutions in order to strengthen its financial sector." Boehner has been highly critical of several initiatives by the Democratic Congress and President Barack Obama, including the "cap and trade" plan that Boehner says would hurt job growth in his congressional district and elsewhere. He opposed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and said that, if Republicans took control of the House of Representatives in the 2010 elections, they would do whatever it takes to stop the act. One option would be to defund the administrative aspect of the Act, not paying "one dime" to pay the salaries of the workers who would administer the plan. He also led an opposition to the 2009 stimulus and to Obama's first budget proposal, promoting instead an alternative economic recovery plan and a Republican budget (authored by Ranking Rep. Paul Ryan, R-WI). He has advocated for an across-the-board spending freeze, including entitlement programs. Boehner favors making changes in Social Security, such as by raising the retirement age to 70 for people who have at least 20 years until retirement, as well as tying cost-of-living increases to the consumer price index rather than wage inflation, and limiting payments to those who need them.

In 2011 Boehner called the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act “one of our highest legislative priorities.”

Political campaigns

2006

In the November 2006 election, Boehner defeated the Democratic Party candidate, U.S. Air Force veteran Mort Meier, 64% to 36%.

2008

In the November 2008 election, Boehner defeated Nicholas Von Stein, 68% to 32%.

2010

Boehner was opposed by Democratic nominee Justin Coussoule, Constitution Party nominee Jim Condit, and Libertarian nominee David Harlow; but won the 2010 election.

As Republican House Leader, Boehner is a Democratic target for criticism of Republican views and political positions. In July 2010, President Barack Obama began singling out Boehner for criticism during his speeches. In one speech, Obama mentioned Boehner's name nine times and accused him of believing that police, firefighters, and teachers were jobs "not worth saving."

Electoral history

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:0.5em; font-size:95%;" |+ : Results 1990–2010 !|Year ! !|Democrat !|Votes !|Pct ! !|Republican !|Votes !|Pct ! !|Other !|Party !|Votes !|Pct ! !|Other !|Party !|Votes !|Pct ! |- |1990 | | |Gregory Jolivette | align="right" |66,584 | |40% | | | | align="right" |99,955 | |60% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |1992 | | |Fred Sennet | align="right" |62,033 | |26% | | | | align="right" |176,362 | |74% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |1994 | | |''No candidate'' | align="right" | | | | | | | align="right" |148,338 | |100% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |1996 | | |Jeffrey Kitchen | align="right" |52,912 | |26% | | | | align="right" |127,979 | |70% | | |William Baker | |Natural Law | align="right" |8,613 | align="right" |4% | | | | | | |- |1998 | | |John W. Griffin | align="right" |52,912 | |29% | | | | align="right" |127,979 | |71% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |2000 | | |John G. Parks | align="right" |66,293 | |26% | | | | align="right" |179,756 | |71% | | |David Shock | |Libertarian | align="right" |7,254 | align="right" |3% | | | | | | |- |2002 | | | | align="right" |49,444 | |29% | | |John Boehner | align="right" |119,947 | |71% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |2004 | | | | align="right" |90,574 | |31% | | |John Boehner | align="right" |201,675 | |69% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |2006 | | |Mort Meier | align="right" |77,640 | |36% | | |John Boehner | align="right" |136,863 | |64% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |2008 | | | | align="right" |95,510 | |32% | | |John Boehner | align="right" |202,063 | |68% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |2010 | | | | align="right" |65,883 | |30% | | |John Boehner | align="right" |142,731 | |66% | | |David Harlow | |Libertarian | align="right" |5,121 | align="right" |2% | | |James Condit | |Constitution | align="right" |3,701 | align="right" |2% |

Personal life

Boehner and his wife Debbie were married in 1973, and live in the Wetherington section of West Chester Township. They have two daughters, Lindsay and Tricia.

Notes

References

Further reading

Barone, Michael, and Grant Ujifusa, ''The Almanac of American Politics 2006: The Senators, the Representatives and the Governors: Their Records and Election Results, Their States and Districts'' (2005) pp 1328–32.

External links

Speaker John Boehner ''official site for the Speaker's Office''

Congressman John Boehner ''official U.S. House site''

Friends of John Boehner ''official campaign site''

The Freedom Project political action committee

Truth-O-Meter Profile at PolitiFact.com

Profile at SourceWatch

Candidate information from ''Our Campaigns''

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Chase Whiteside (born March 4, 1988) is a documentary filmmaker, journalist, and founder of New Left Media. Whiteside is perhaps best known for his films documenting the participants at Tea Party events. Those documentaries, which IndieWire called "a perfect example of where documentary form and style is headed," have received more than 6 million views on YouTube. Henry Rollins wrote of his interviews with conservatives in a ''Vanity Fair'' column, "The very talented Mr. Ripley is a good interviewer and puts his subjects at ease." ''The Advocate'' calls him an "ambitious gay reporter."

Whiteside has been notably critical of cable news, telling ''The Washington Post'''s David Weigel, "CNN, like Fox News and MSNBC, should be largely dismissed as serious sources of news... as these outlets are all in the market of selling journalism through personalities, talking haircuts who report as much on what each other are saying as they do on reality."

References

Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:American journalists Category:LGBT people from the United States Category:LGBT journalists

Name	Andrew Breitbart
Birth date	February 01, 1969
Birth place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Death date	March 01, 2012
Death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Residence	Westwood, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation	Writer, Columnist, Publisher
Alma mater	Tulane University (B.A.)
Gender	Male
Spouse	Susannah Bean (m. 1997–2012); 4 children }}

Andrew Breitbart ( (February 1, 1969 – March 1, 2012) was an American publisher, commentator for ''The Washington Times'', author, and occasional guest commentator on various news programs, who served as an editor for the ''Drudge Report'' website. He was a researcher for Arianna Huffington, and helped launch her web publication ''The Huffington Post''.

He ran his own news aggregation site, Breitbart.com, and five other websites: Breitbart.tv, Big Hollywood, Big Government, Big Journalism, and Big Peace. He played key roles in the Anthony Weiner sexting scandal, the resignation of Shirley Sherrod, and the ACORN 2009 undercover videos controversy.

Early life

Breitbart was the adopted son of Gerald and Arlene Breitbart, a restaurant owner and banker respectively, and grew up in upscale Brentwood, Los Angeles. He was raised Jewish (his adoptive mother had converted to Judaism when marrying his adoptive father). He had explained that his birth certificate indicated his biological father was a folk singer. He was ethnically Irish by birth, and his adopted sister is Hispanic. He changed his political views after experiencing an "epiphany" during the Clarence Thomas hearings, and later described himself as "a Reagan conservative" with libertarian sympathies.

While in high school, Breitbart was a pizza delivery driver; he sometimes delivered to celebrities such as Judge Reinhold. He earned a B.A. in American studies from Tulane University in 1991, graduating with "no sense of [his] future whatsoever". His early jobs included a stint at cable channel E! Entertainment Television, working for the company's online magazine, and some time in film production.

Public life

Authorship, research and reporting

In 1995 Breitbart saw the Drudge Report and was so impressed that he emailed Matt Drudge. Breitbart said, "I thought what he was doing was by far the coolest thing on the Internet. And I still do." Breitbart described himself as "Matt Drudge's bitch" and selected and posted links to other news wire sources. Later Matt Drudge introduced him to Arianna Huffington (when she was still a Republican) and Breitbart subsequently assisted her in creating her website.

Breitbart's work has been published in the ''Wall Street Journal'', National Review Online and the Weekly Standard Online, among others. He wrote a weekly column for ''The Washington Times'', which also appeared at Real Clear Politics. Breitbart also co-wrote the book ''Hollywood, Interrupted: Insanity Chic in Babylon'' with Mark Ebner, a book that is highly critical of U.S. celebrity culture. On January 19, 2011, the conservative gay rights group GOProud announced Breitbart had joined its Advisory Council.

In April 2011 Grand Central Publishing released Breitbart's book, ''Righteous Indignation: Excuse Me While I Save the World'', in which he discussed his own political evolution and the part he took in the rise of new media, most notably at the Drudge Report and ''The Huffington Post''.

In June 2011 Breitbart was involved in the Anthony Weiner sexting scandal when his websites broke the story that Weiner was sending women revealing photographs of himself.

Commentaries

Breitbart appeared as a commentator on ''Real Time with Bill Maher'' and ''Dennis Miller''. In 2004 he was a guest commentator on Fox News Channel's morning show and frequently appeared as a guest panelist on Fox News's late night program, ''Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld''. Breitbart also appeared as a commentator in the 2004 documentary ''Michael Moore Hates America''.

On October 22, 2009, Breitbart appeared on the C-SPAN program ''Washington Journal''. He gave his opinions on the mainstream media, Hollywood, the Obama Administration and his personal political views, having heated debates with several callers.

In the hours immediately following Senator Ted Kennedy's death, Breitbart called Kennedy a "villain", a "duplicitous bastard", a "prick" and "a special pile of human excrement".

In February 2010 Breitbart received the Reed Irvine Accuracy in Media Award during the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, D.C. During his acceptance speech, he responded directly to accusations by ''New York Times'' reporter Kate Zernike that Jason Mattera, a young conservative activist, had been using "racial tones" in his allusions to President Barack Obama, and had spoken in a "Chris Rock voice". From the podium, Breitbart called Zernike "a despicable human being" for having made such allegations about Mattera's New York accent. At the same conference, Breitbart was also filmed saying to journalist Max Blumenthal that he found him to be "a jerk", and "a despicable human being" due to a blog entry posted by Blumenthal.

Activism

Breitbart often appeared as a speaker at Tea Party movement events across the U.S. For example, Breitbart was a keynote speaker at the first National Tea Party Convention at Gaylord Opryland Hotel in Nashville on February 6, 2010. Breitbart later involved himself in a controversy over homophobic and alleged racial slurs being used at a March 20, 2010, rally at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., by asserting that slurs were never used, and that "It was a set-up" by Nancy Pelosi and the Democratic Party. Breitbart offered to donate $100,000 to the United Negro College Fund "for any audio/video footage of the N-word being hurled", claiming that the several Congressmen made it up. Breitbart insisted Congressman John Lewis and several other witnesses were forced to lie, concluding that "Nancy Pelosi did a great disservice to a great civil rights icon by thrusting him out there to perform this mischievous task. His reputation is now on the line as a result of her desperation to take down the Tea Party movement."

Websites

|quote = I'm committed to the destruction of the old media guard. And it's a very good business model.}}

Breitbart launched a number of websites, including Breitbart.com, BigHollywood.com, BigGovernment.com, BigJournalism.com, and BigPeace.com.

Breitbart launched his first website as a news site; it is sometimes linked to by the Drudge Report and other websites. It has wire stories from the Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse, Fox News, PR Newswire, and U.S. Newswire, as well as direct links to a number of major international newspapers. Its Blog & "Network" links tend to run to the right within the U.S. political spectrum (e.g., ''National Review'' and Townhall.com). The site also has a search engine powered by Lingospot and a finance channel powered by FinancialContent. In 2007, Breitbart launched a video blog, Breitbart.tv.

In 2008 Breitbart launched the website "Big Hollywood," a "group blog" driven by some who work within Los Angeles, with contributions from a variety of writers, including politically conservative entertainment-industry professionals. The site was an outgrowth of the Breitbart's ''Washington Times'' "Big Hollywood" column included issues conservatives faced working in Hollywood. In 2009, the site used audio from a secretly recorded conference call to accuse the National Endowment of the Arts of encouraging artists to create work in support of Barack Obama's domestic policy agenda.

Breitbart launched BigGovernment.com on September 10, 2009. He hired Mike Flynn, a former government affairs specialist at Reason Foundation, as Editor-in-Chief of Big Government. The site premiered with hidden camera video footage taken by Hannah Giles and James O'Keefe at Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now offices in various cities, attracting nationwide attention resulting in the ACORN 2009 undercover videos controversy.

In January 2010, Breitbart launched Big Journalism. He told Mediaite: "Our goal at Big Journalism is to hold the mainstream media's feet to the fire. There are a lot of stories that they simply don't cover, either because it doesn't fit their world view, or because they're literally innocent of any knowledge that the story even exists, or because they are a dying organization, short-staffed, and thus can't cover stuff like they did before." Big Journalism was edited by Michael A. Walsh, a former journalism professor and ''Time magazine'' music critic. It is now currently edited by Dana Loesch. The site has a fictional contributor named "Retracto, the Correction Alpaca" who posts items requesting corrections from the traditional media.

BigPeace.com debuted July 4, 2010. The site covers topics such as international issues and foreign policy, the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, terrorism, Islamic extremism, espionage, border security, and energy issues.

Controversies

Anthony Weiner

On May 28, 2011, Breitbart posted a sexually explicit photo on his BigJournalism website of New York Representative Anthony Weiner obtained through Weiner's Twitter account. Weiner initially denied that he had sent a 21-year-old female college student the link to the photograph, but after questions developed, he admitted to inappropriate online relationships. On June 6, 2011, Breitbart reported other photos Weiner had sent, including one that was sexually graphic. On June 8, 2011, the sexually graphic photo was leaked after Breitbart participated in a radio interview with hosts Opie and Anthony, though Breitbart stated that the photo was published without his permission. Weiner subsequently resigned from his congressional seat on June 21, 2011.

Shirley Sherrod

In July 2010 Breitbart was accused of smearing USDA official Shirley Sherrod with the vieal video "Proof NAACP Awards Racism". Breitbart's video showed Sherrod speaking at a NAACP fundraising dinner in March 2010 admitting to a racial reluctance to help a white farmer get government aid. The NAACP condemned Sherrod video comments and approved her July 19 dismissal from government service. After being criticized for presenting Sherrod out of context, Breitbart posted the full 40-minute video of the speech. The full video Sherrod said she reluctance to help a white man was wrong, and she had ended up assisting him. Following the release of the full video, the NAACP also reversed their rebuke of Sherrod, , and Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack apologized and offered Sherrod a new. In 2011, Sherrod sued Breitbart for defamation, Breibart said that the point of the piece was not to target Sherrod, but said the NAACP audience's reception of the parts of the speech demonstrated the same racism the NAACP's President had accused The Tea Party of harboring.

ACORN undercover videos

Breitbart was also involved in the 2009 ACORN video controversy. Hannah Giles posed as a prostitute seeking assistance while James O'Keefe portrayed her boyfriend, and clandestinely videotaped meetings with ACORN staff. Subsequent criminal investigations by the Brooklyn District Attorney's office and the California Attorney General found the videos were heavily edited in an attempt to make ACORN's responses "appear more sinister", and contributed to the group's demise.

GOProud

Breitbart was also embroiled in a controversy within the conservative movement related to the participation of gay group GOProud in the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), an annual conference held in Washington, D.C., by the American Conservative Union. In 2011 he was the primary host of a party that served to "welcome" the "homocons" to the convention (though it was the second year they had been participants). This flew in the face of a boycott staged by a few social conservative groups that were offended by the inclusion of GOProud within the conservative fold. Writer, producer, and publisher Roger L. Simon referred to the group as a "game-changer" for the Republican party, and asserted that it represented a turning point in the appeal that the conservative movement might hold for young people. Breitbart was on the Advisory Board of GOProud until he stepped down in the wake of the group's inadvertent outing of a senior Rick Perry aide.

Confrontation with Occupy protesters at CPAC 2012

In February 2012 a YouTube video showed Breitbart yelling at Occupy D.C. protesters outside a Washington D.C. hotel hosting a Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). The video showed security escorting Breitbart back to the hotel while he told the protestors to "behave yourself", and alluding to reported assaults of women at Occupy encampments, he repeatedly yelled "stop raping people" and called the protestors "filthy, filthy, raping, murdering freaks!”. David Carr said with the incident Briebart created his last "viral storm on the Web".

Personal life

Breitbart was married to Susannah Bean, the daughter of actor Orson Bean, and had four children.

Death

On February 9, 2012, Breitbart while in Washington, DC was quoted as saying, “wait til they see what happens March first.” Breitbart was referring to his plan to release "damning" footage of President Obama that he had been promising to reveal throughout the month of February. However, on March 1, 2012, Breitbart died at the UCLA Medical Center after he collapsed while walking in Brentwood. He was 43 years old. An autopsy by the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office showed that he had cardiomegaly and died of heart failure. The toxicology report showed "No prescription or illicit drugs were detected. The blood alcohol was .04%. No significant trauma was present and foul play is not suspected." Personal friend of Brietbart, Bill Whittle, had said that Brietbart had a "serious heart attack" just months before his passing.

In remembrance, Republican presidential candidates Rick Santorum, Mitt Romney, and Newt Gingrich praised Breitbart. Santorum called Breibart's passing "a huge loss" that strongly affected him, while Romney said Breitbart was a "fearless conservative", and Gingrich called him "the most innovative pioneer in conservative activist social media in America...."

His funeral was held March 6, 2012, at a Jewish cemetery in West Los Angeles. Attendees included his father-in-law Orson Bean, Matt Drudge, Herman Cain, Thaddeus McCotter, Greg Gutfeld, Ed Morrissey, Guy Benson, and Rob Long.

Authored books

References

External links

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de:Andrew Breitbart pt:Andrew Breitbart sh:Andrew Breitbart uk:Ендрю Брайтбарт